first commit

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/Adafruit_LiquidCrystal/4bit/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for AdaFruit_LiquidCrystal in 4bit mode
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in the hd44780 examples.
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Adafruit_LiquidCrystal.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare Arduino pins used for LCD functions
+// and the lcd object
+
+//const int rs=12, en=11, db4=5, db5=4, db6=3, db7=2; // pins used by IDE LiquidCrystal examples
+const int rs=8, en=9, db4=4, db5=5, db6=6, db7=7; // lcd keypad shield pins
+Adafruit_LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, db4, db5, db6, db7);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/Adafruit_LiquidCrystal/I2C/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for Adafruit_LiquidCrystal using i2c
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <Adafruit_LiquidCrystal.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare the lcd object
+// Note: The i2c address must match the backpack address
+// and the library only works with the MCP23008 based #292 backpack
+const uint8_t i2cAddr = 0; // default i2c address for #292 board
+Adafruit_LiquidCrystal lcd(i2cAddr);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/Adafruit_LiquidCrystal/I2C/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed400/LCDiSpeed400.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for Adafruit_LiquidCrystal using i2c
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <Adafruit_LiquidCrystal.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+#if ARDUINO < 157
+#error "This sketch Requires Arduino 1.5.7 or higher"
+#endif
+
+// NOTE: uses API that only works on IDE 1.5.7 and up
+#define WIRECLOCK 400000L // tell hd44780 example to use this i2c clock rate
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare the lcd object
+// Note: The i2c address must match the backpack address
+// and the library only works with the MCP23008 based #292 backpack
+const uint8_t i2cAddr = 0; // default i2c address for #292 board
+Adafruit_LiquidCrystal lcd(i2cAddr);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/Adafruit_LiquidCrystal/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Adafruit_LiquidCrystal hd44780 examples
+========================================
+
+The Adafruit_LiquidCrystal library must be installed in order to use these sketches.
+
+#### The examples are broken up into various sub directories.
+
+* `4bit`<br>
+Contains example sketches that are for LCDs that are wired up directly to Arduino pins.
+
+* `I2C`<br>
+Contains example sketches that are for LCDs connected to an Adafruit #292 backpack when using the i2c MCP23008 i/o expander chip to control the LCD.
+
+* `SPI`<br>
+Contains example sketches that are for LCDs connected to an Adafruit #292 backpack when using the shift register to control the LCD.
+
+Note: that while adafruit uses the term "SPI" the #292 backpack it is not using SPI.
+It is mearly using a shift register.
+Also, the Adafruit_liquidCrystal library is not using the SPI h/w but rather simply calling the s/w shiftout() function to do the transfer.

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/Adafruit_LiquidCrystal/SPI/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for Adafruit_LiquidCrystal shiftreg mode
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <Adafruit_LiquidCrystal.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+
+// declare the lcd object for shift register mode
+const uint8_t clkPin = 2;
+const uint8_t datPin = 3;
+const uint8_t latPin = 4;
+Adafruit_LiquidCrystal lcd(datPin, clkPin, latPin);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystal/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+LiquidCrystal hd44780 examples
+==============================
+
+The LiquidCrystal library comes bundled with the IDE.
+It controls the LCD using Arduino pins directly connected to the LCD.

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystal/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for NewLiquidCrystal library
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in the hd44780 examples.
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare Arduino pins used for LCD functions and the lcd object
+
+//const int rs=12, en=11, db4=5, db5=4, db6=3, db7=2; // IDE LiquidCrystal example pins
+const int rs=8, en=9, db4=4, db5=5, db6=6, db7=7; // lcd keypad shield pins
+LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, db4, db5, db6, db7);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystalFast/LiquidCrystalFastRW/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for NewLiquidCrystal library
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in the hd44780 examples.
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <LiquidCrystalFast.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare Arduino pins used for LCD functions and the lcd object
+
+//const int rs=12, en=11, db4=5, db5=4, db6=3, db7=2; // IDE LiquidCrystal example pins
+const int rs=8, rw=3, en=9, db4=4, db5=5, db6=6, db7=7; // lcd keypad shield pins
+LiquidCrystalFast lcd(rs, rw, en, db4, db5, db6, db7);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystalFast/LiquidCrystalFastnoRW/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for NewLiquidCrystal library
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in the hd44780 examples.
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <LiquidCrystalFast.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare Arduino pins used for LCD functions and the lcd object
+
+//const int rs=12, en=11, db4=5, db5=4, db6=3, db7=2; // IDE LiquidCrystal example pins
+const int rs=8, en=9, db4=4, db5=5, db6=6, db7=7; // lcd keypad shield pins
+LiquidCrystalFast lcd(rs, en, db4, db5, db6, db7);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystalFast/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+LiquidCrystalFast hd44780 examples
+=================================
+
+LiquidCrystalFast library must be installed in order to use these sketches.<br>
+
+#### The examples are broken up into sub directories for with/without R/W pin
+
+* `LiquidCrystalFastnoRW`<br>
+Contains example sketches that are for LCDs that are wired up directly to Arduino pins without the R/W pin
+
+* `LiquidCrystalFastRW`<br>
+Contains example sketches that are for LCDs that are wired up directly to Arduino pins with the R/W pin

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystalIO/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+LiquidCrytsalIO hd44780 examples
+=================================
+
+LiquidCrystalIO and IoAbstration libraries must be installed in order to use these sketches.<br>
+The liquidCrystalIO library contains multiple i/o classes.
+
+
+#### The examples are broken up into various sub directories for each i/o class
+
+* `ioUsingArduino`<br>
+Contains example sketches that are for LCDs that are wired up directly to Arduino pins.
+
+* `iofrom8574`<br>
+Contains example sketches that are for LCDs connected to a backpack using the i2c PCF8574 i/o expander chip to control the LCD.

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystalIO/ioFrom8574/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test: LiquidCrystalIO with ioFrom8574
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// NOTE: this also requires the IoAbstration library
+//
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Wire.h>		// bundled Wire library
+#include <IoAbstractionWire.h>	// from IoAbstration library
+#include <LiquidCrystalIO.h>	// from LiquidCrystalIO library
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare the lcd object
+// Note: The i2c address and pin mappings must match the backpack
+// The pin mapping selected matches the "LiquidCrystal_I2C" library
+// in the IDE library manager.
+const uint8_t i2cAddr = 0x27;
+const int rs=0, rw=1, en=2, db4=4, db5=5, db6=6, db7=7, bl=3;
+LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, rw, en, db4, db5, db6, db7, ioFrom8574(i2cAddr));
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// tell lcd hd44780 sketch to call Wire.begin()
+#define LCDISPEED_CALL_WIRE_BEGIN
+
+// tell lcd hd44780 sketch to call custom customLCDinit() for initialization
+#define LCDISPEED_CALL_CUSTOM_LCDINIT
+
+void custom_LCDinit(void);
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>
+
+// have to use custom initialzation for this library
+void custom_LCDinit(void)
+{
+	Wire.begin();
+	lcd.configureBacklightPin(bl); // assumes active HIGH
+	lcd.begin(LCD_COLS, LCD_ROWS);
+	lcd.backlight();
+}

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystalIO/ioFrom8574/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed400/LCDiSpeed400.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test: LiquidCrystalIO with ioFrom8574
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// NOTE: this also requires the IoAbstration library
+//
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Wire.h>		// bundled Wire library
+#include <IoAbstractionWire.h>	// from IoAbstration library
+#include <LiquidCrystalIO.h>	// from LiquidCrystalIO library
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+#if ARDUINO < 157
+#error "This sketch Requires Arduino 1.5.7 or higher"
+#endif
+
+// NOTE: uses API that only works on IDE 1.5.7 and up
+#define WIRECLOCK 400000L // tell hd44780 example to use this i2c clock rate
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare the lcd object
+// Note: The i2c address and pin mappings must match the backpack
+// The pin mapping selected matches the "LiquidCrystal_I2C" library
+// in the IDE library manager.
+const uint8_t i2cAddr = 0x27;
+const int rs=0, rw=1, en=2, db4=4, db5=5, db6=6, db7=7, bl=3;
+LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, rw, en, db4, db5, db6, db7, ioFrom8574(i2cAddr));
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// tell lcd hd44780 sketch to call Wire.begin()
+#define LCDISPEED_CALL_WIRE_BEGIN
+
+// tell lcd hd44780 sketch to call custom customLCDinit() for initialization
+#define LCDISPEED_CALL_CUSTOM_LCDINIT
+
+void custom_LCDinit(void);
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>
+
+// have to use custom initialzation for this library
+void custom_LCDinit(void)
+{
+	Wire.begin();
+	lcd.configureBacklightPin(bl); // assumes active HIGH
+	lcd.begin(LCD_COLS, LCD_ROWS);
+	lcd.backlight();
+}

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystalIO/ioUsingArduino/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test: LiquidCrystalIO with ioUsingArduino
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// NOTE: this also requires the IoAbstration library
+//
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <LiquidCrystalIO.h>	// from LiquidCrystalIO library
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare Arduino pins used for LCD functions and the lcd object
+// this will use 4 bit mode using Arduino pins
+
+//const int rs=12, en=11, db4=5, db5=4, db6=3, db7=2; // IDE LiquidCrystal example pins
+const int rs=8, en=9, db4=4, db5=5, db6=6, db7=7; // lcd keypad shield pins
+LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, db4, db5, db6, db7);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+void custom_LCDinit(void);
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystal_I2C/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+LiquidCrystal_I2C hd44780 examples
+==================================
+
+These examples require that the LiquidCrystal_I2C library be installed.
+
+The LiquidCrystal_I2C library can be installed using the IDE library manager.
+It controls the LCD using an PCF8574 i/o expander backpack.
+The library assumes a paticular wiring between the PCF8574 and the LCD pins and a particular backlight circuit.
+```
+P0 - RS
+P1 - R/W
+P2 - E
+P3 - Backlight control (Active High)
+P4 - DB4
+P5 - DB5
+P6 - DB6
+P7 - DB7
+```
+Not all backpacks are wired up this way.
+If the actual wiring or backlight circuit does not match what the library expects, the examples will not work.
+Also, the examples must be modified to set the i2c address to match the i2c address of the PCF8574 chip.<br>
+**If the address in the sketch does not match the actual address of the chip, the example will not work**.
+
+The advantage of using hd44780 library and the hd44780_I2Cexp i/o class is that unlinke the LiquidCrystal_I2C library the hd44780 library will automatically determine the i2c address, pin wiring, and backlight control configuration.

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystal_I2C/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for LiquidCrystal_I2C library
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+
+// declare the lcd object
+// Note: The i2c address must match the backpack address
+// and the library only works with certain backpacks
+const uint8_t i2cAddr = 0x27;
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(i2cAddr, LCD_COLS, LCD_ROWS);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystal_I2C/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed400/LCDiSpeed400.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for LiquidCrystal_I2C library
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+
+#if ARDUINO < 157
+#error "This sketch Requires Arduino 1.5.7 or higher"
+#endif
+
+// NOTE: uses API that only works on IDE 1.5.7 and up
+#define WIRECLOCK 400000L // tell hd44780 example to use this i2c clock rate
+
+// declare the lcd object
+// Note: The i2c address must match the backpack address
+// and the library only works with certain backpacks
+const uint8_t i2cAddr = 0x27;
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(i2cAddr, LCD_COLS, LCD_ROWS);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystal_PCF8574/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 hd44780 examples
+=======================================
+
+These examples require that the LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 library be installed.
+
+LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 library can be installed using the IDE library manager.
+It controls the LCD using an PCF8574 i/o expander backpack.
+The library assumes a paticular wiring between the PCF8574 and the LCD pins and a particular backlight circuit.
+```
+P0 - RS
+P1 - R/W
+P2 - E
+P3 - Backlight control (Active High)
+P4 - DB4
+P5 - DB5
+P6 - DB6
+P7 - DB7
+```
+Not all backpacks are wired up this way.
+If the actual wiring or backlight circuit does not match what the library expects, the examples will not work.
+Also, the examples must be modified to set the i2c address to match the i2c address of the PCF8574 chip.<br>
+**If the address in the sketch does not match the actual address of the chip, the example will not work**.
+
+The advantage of using hd44780 library and the hd44780_I2Cexp i/o class is that unlinke the LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 library the hd44780 library will automatically determine the i2c address, pin wiring, and backlight control configuration.

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystal_PCF8574/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 library
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <LiquidCrystal_PCF8574.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare the lcd object
+// Note: The i2c address must match the backpack address
+// and the library only works with certain backpacks
+const uint8_t i2cAddr = 0x27;
+LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 lcd(i2cAddr);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// tell lcd hd44780 sketch to call custom customLCDinit() for initialization
+#define LCDISPEED_CALL_CUSTOM_LCDINIT
+
+// have to use custom initialzation for this library
+void custom_LCDinit(void)
+{
+	lcd.begin(LCD_COLS, LCD_ROWS);
+	lcd.setBacklight(0xff);	
+}
+
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/LiquidCrystal_PCF8574/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed400/LCDiSpeed400.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 library
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <LiquidCrystal_PCF8574.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+#if ARDUINO < 157
+#error "This sketch Requires Arduino 1.5.7 or higher"
+#endif
+
+// NOTE: uses API that only works on IDE 1.5.7 and up
+#define WIRECLOCK 400000L // tell hd44780 example to use this i2c clock rate
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare the lcd object
+// Note: The i2c address must match the backpack address
+// and the library only works with certain backpacks
+const uint8_t i2cAddr = 0x27;
+LiquidCrystal_PCF8574 lcd(i2cAddr);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// tell lcd hd44780 sketch to call custom customLCDinit() for initialization
+#define LCDISPEED_CALL_CUSTOM_LCDINIT
+
+// have to use custom initialzation for this library
+void custom_LCDinit(void)
+{
+	lcd.begin(LCD_COLS, LCD_ROWS);
+	lcd.setBacklight(0xff);	
+}
+
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/NewLiquidCrystal/LiquidCrystal/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for NewLiquidCrystal library
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in the hd44780 examples.
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+// include LCD.h which is only in newLiquidCrystal
+// to force the IDE include path to use newLiquidCrystal instead
+// of LiquidCrystal
+// This works because even if the LiquidCrystal.h below causes the IDE to
+// add the bundled LiquidCrystal library for it, since the LCD.h will have
+// gotten the IDE to add the newLiquidCrystal library directory to the path
+// first.
+// 
+#include <LCD.h> 
+
+#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare Arduino pins used for LCD functions
+// and the lcd object
+
+//const int rs=12, en=11, db4=5, db5=4, db6=3, db7=2; // pins used by IDE LiquidCrystal examples
+const int rs=8, en=9, db4=4, db5=5, db6=6, db7=7; // lcd keypad shield pins
+LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, db4, db5, db6, db7);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/NewLiquidCrystal/LiquidCrystal_I2C/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test: NewLiquidCrystal with LiquidCrystal_I2C
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <LCD.h>
+#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare the lcd object
+// Note: The i2c address and pin mappings must match the backpack
+// The pin mapping selected matches the "LiquidCrystal_I2C" library
+// in the IDE library manager.
+const uint8_t i2cAddr = 0x27;
+const int rs=0, rw=1, en=2, db4=4, db5=5, db6=6, db7=7, bl=3;
+typeof(POSITIVE) blpol=POSITIVE; // backlight polarity level
+LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(i2cAddr, en, rw, rs, db4, db5, db6, db7, bl, blpol);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/NewLiquidCrystal/LiquidCrystal_I2C/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed400/LCDiSpeed400.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test: NewLiquidCrystal with LiquidCrystal_I2C
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <LCD.h>
+#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
+
+// ugliness to allow this sketch to locate the hd44780 example sketch
+// note: hd44780.h is not needed, it is only included to get its directory on the include path
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#undef hd44780_h // undefine this so the example sketch does not think hd44780 is being used.
+
+#if ARDUINO < 157
+#error "This sketch Requires Arduino 1.5.7 or higher"
+#endif
+
+// NOTE: uses API that only works on IDE 1.5.7 and up
+#define WIRECLOCK 400000L // tell hd44780 example to use this i2c clock rate
+
+// cols and rows don't have to be exact to still get accurate transfer numbers
+#define LCD_COLS 16
+#define LCD_ROWS 2
+
+// declare the lcd object
+// Note: The i2c address and pin mappings must match the backpack
+// The pin mapping selected matches the "LiquidCrystal_I2C" library
+// in the IDE library manager.
+const uint8_t i2cAddr = 0x27;
+const int rs=0, rw=1, en=2, db4=4, db5=5, db6=6, db7=7, bl=3;
+typeof(POSITIVE) blpol=POSITIVE; // backlight polarity level
+LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(i2cAddr, en, rw, rs, db4, db5, db6, db7, bl, blpol);
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/NewLiquidCrystal/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+NewLiquidCrystal hd44780 examples
+=================================
+
+fm's NewLiquidCrystal library must be installed in order to use these sketches.<br>
+The NewliquidCrystal library contains multiple i/o classes.
+
+
+#### The examples are broken up into various sub directories for each i/o class
+
+* `LiquidCrystal`<br>
+Contains example sketches that are for LCDs that are wired up directly to Arduino pins.
+
+* `LiquidCrystal_I2C`<br>
+Contains example sketches that are for LCDs connected to a backpack using the i2c PCF8574 i/o expander chip to control the LCD.

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+OtherLibraries
+==============
+
+This directory contains subdirectories for other (non hd44780) libraries that contain wrapper sketches for various hd44780examples sketches.
+
+The hd44780examples directory under each subdirectory contains
+library and i/o class specific wrapper sketches for various sketches under
+examples/hd44780examples.
+This is intended to allow easy benchmarking of the other libraries for comparison purposes.

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/SoftwareWire/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+SoftwareWire hd44780 examples
+==================================
+
+These examples require that the SoftwareWire library be installed.
+
+The SoftwareWire library can be installed using the IDE library manager.
+SoftwareWire provides a Wire compatable library that allows the user to
+configure pins for the SDA and SCL signals.
+While it offers additional flexibility, it will not be as fast as using the
+dedicated i2c h/w inside the microcontroller.
+
+These examples use the hd44780 library hd44780_I2Cexp i/o class using
+SoftwareWire instead of the Wire library.
+
+Note: using a software Wire library is not necessary on the esp8266 platform as the wire library on that platform already provides a mechanims to change the pins used for i2c.
+
+WARNING:
+The SoftWareWire developers made a major change to the library June 2018
+which is in the subsequent 1.5.1 release that causes it be unusable by
+the hd44780 library.
+Until this change is backed out, you will not be able to use 
+SoftWareWire beyond version 1.5.0 with the hd44780 library.

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/SoftwareWire/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for hd44780 hd44780_I2Cexp i/o class
+//             using SoftwareWire instead of Wire
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <SoftwareWire.h>
+// Check for "new" SoftwareWire that breaks things
+#if defined(TwoWire_h)
+#error incompatible version of SoftwareWire library (use version 1.5.0)
+#endif
+
+const int sda=SDA, scl=SCL; // use same pins as h/w i2c
+SoftwareWire Wire(sda,scl);
+
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#include <hd44780ioClass/hd44780_I2Cexp.h> // include i/o class header
+
+// declare the lcd object
+hd44780_I2Cexp lcd; // auto locate and autoconfig interface pins
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>

libraries/hd44780/examples/otherLibraries/SoftwareWire/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed400/LCDiSpeed400.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// LCDiSpeed - LCD Interface Speed test for hd44780 hd44780_I2Cexp i/o class
+//             using SoftwareWire instead of Wire
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This sketch is a wrapper sketch for the hd44780 library example LCDiSpeed.
+// Note:
+// This is not a normal sketch and should not be used as model or example
+// of hd44780 library sketches.
+// This sketch is simple wrapper that declares the needed lcd object for the
+// hd44780 library sketch.
+// It is provided as a convenient way to run a pre-configured sketch for
+// the i/o class.
+// The source code for this sketch lives in hd44780 examples:
+// hd44780/examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino
+// From IDE:
+// [File]->Examples-> hd44780/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed
+//
+
+#include <SoftwareWire.h>
+// Check for "new" SoftwareWire that breaks things
+#if defined(TwoWire_h)
+#error incompatible version of SoftwareWire library (use version 1.5.0)
+#endif
+
+const int sda=SDA, scl=SCL; // use same pins as h/w i2c
+SoftwareWire Wire(sda,scl);
+
+#include <hd44780.h>
+#include <hd44780ioClass/hd44780_I2Cexp.h> // include i/o class header
+
+#if ARDUINO < 157
+#error "This sketch Requires Arduino 1.5.7 or higher"
+#endif
+
+// NOTE: uses API that only works on IDE 1.5.7 and up
+#define WIRECLOCK 400000L // tell hd44780 example to use this i2c clock rate
+
+// declare the lcd object
+hd44780_I2Cexp lcd; // auto locate and autoconfig interface pins
+
+// tell the hd44780 sketch the lcd object has been declared
+#define HD44780_LCDOBJECT
+
+// include the hd44780 library LCDiSpeed sketch source code
+#include <examples/hd44780examples/LCDiSpeed/LCDiSpeed.ino>