// vi:ts=4
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// UpTime - simple demonstration of lcd
// Created by Bill Perry 2020-06-26
// bperrybap@opensource.billsworld.billandterrie.com
//
// This example code is unlicensed and is released into the public domain
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// This sketch is for LCD devices like the Tsingtek Display HC1627 modules
// in i2c mode. Devices such as HC1627-B-LWH-I2C-30 or HC1627-SYH-I2C-30
// These devices have a native I2C interface rather than use a simple I2C
// i/o expander chip such as a PCF8574 or MCP23008.
//
// NOTE:
//	These devices usually need external pullups as they typically are not on
//	the module.
// WARNING:
//	Use caution when using 3v only processors like arm and ESP8266 processors
//	when interfacing with 5v modules as not doing proper level shifting or
//	incorrectly hooking things up can damage the processor.
// 
// Sketch will print "UpTime" on top row of lcd
// and will print the amount of time since the Arduino has been reset
// on the second row.
//
// If initialization of the LCD fails or any output fails,
// and the arduino supports a built in LED,
// the sketch will simply blink the built in LED.
//
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// While not all modules use the same pinout,
// Be VERY careful and check your datasheet.
//
// This pin table is for the Tsingtek Display HC1627-SYH-I2C-30 or
// HC1627-SYH-I2C-30 module when it is strapped for i2c mode operation
//
// pin 14 is the pin closest to the edge of the PCB
// 14 - connect to gnd
// 13 - connect to vcc
// 12 - ID0 --- controls bit 1 of 7 bit i2c address, strap accordingly
// 11 - ID1 --- controls bit 2 of 7 bit i2c address, strap accordingly
// 10 - not connected
//  9 - not connected
//  8 - SCL
//  7 - SDA
//  6 - connect to gnd
//  5 - connect to gnd
//  4 - connect to gnd
//  3 - Vo Contrast Voltage input
//  2 - VCC (5v)
//  1 - LCD gnd
// 15 - Backlight Anode (+5v)
// 16 - Backlight Cathode (Gnd)
//
// I2C IDx address table
// ID1 ID0 ADDR
//  L   L   0x38/0x39
//  L   H   0x3A/0x3B
//  H   L   0x3C/0x3D
//  H   H   0x3E/0x3F
//
// library only needs to know the base address (the lower address)
//
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------


#include <Wire.h>
#include <hd44780.h>                       // main hd44780 header
#include <hd44780ioClass/hd44780_HC1627_I2C.h> // i2c LCD i/o class header

// Note, i2c address can be specified or automatically located
// If you wish to use a specific address comment out this constructor
// and use the constructor below that specifies the address

// declare the lcd object for auto i2c address location
hd44780_HC1627_I2C lcd;

//
// manually enter base address of LCD.
// Base Addresses 
// - 0x38, 0x3A, 0x3C, or 0x3E

// declare i2c address and constructor for specified i2c address
//const int i2c_addr = 0x38;
//hd44780_HC1627_I2C lcd(i2c_addr); // use device at this address


// LCD geometry
const int LCD_COLS = 16;
const int LCD_ROWS = 2;

void setup()
{
int status;

	// initialize LCD with number of columns and rows: 
	// hd44780 returns a status from begin() that can be used
	// to determine if initalization failed.
	// the actual status codes are defined in <hd44780.h>
	// See the values RV_XXXX
	//
	// looking at the return status from begin() is optional
	// it is being done here to provide feedback should there be an issue
	//
	status = lcd.begin(LCD_COLS, LCD_ROWS);
	if(status) // non zero status means it was unsuccesful
	{
		// hd44780 has a fatalError() routine that blinks an led if possible
		// begin() failed so call fatalError() with the error code.
		hd44780::fatalError(status); // does not return
	}

	// Print a message to the LCD
	lcd.print(" UpTime");

	if(LCD_ROWS < 2)
		delay(3000);
}
void loop()
{
static unsigned long lastsecs = -1; // pre-initialize with non zero value
unsigned long secs;
int status;

	secs = millis() / 1000;

	// see if 1 second has passed
	// so the display is only updated once per second
	if(secs != lastsecs)
	{
		lastsecs = secs; // keep track of last seconds

		// set the cursor position to column 0, row 1
		// note: row 1 is the second row from top,
		// since row counting begins with 0
		// if display has only 1 line, it will appear on that line
		status = lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
		if(status) // non zero status means it was unsuccesful
		{
			// setCursor() failed so call fatalError() with the error code.
			hd44780::fatalError(status); // does not return
		}

		// print uptime on lcd device: (time since last reset)
		PrintUpTime(lcd, secs);
	}
}

// PrintUpTime(outdev, secs) - print uptime in HH:MM:SS format
// outdev - the device to send output
//   secs - the total number of seconds uptime
//
// This is a fancy output routine.
// outdev is a Print class object which indicates
// where the output should be sent.
// PrintUpTime can be used with any object that uses the Print class.
// This code works with Serial objects, as well as the the hd44780 lcd objects.
// i.e. you can call with Serial: PrintUpTime(Serial, seconds);

void PrintUpTime(Print &outdev, unsigned long secs)
{
unsigned int hr, mins, sec;

	// convert total seconds to hours, mins, seconds
	mins =  secs / 60;	// how many total minutes
	hr = mins / 60;		// how many total hours
	mins = mins % 60;	// how many minutes within the hour
	sec = secs % 60;	// how many seconds within the minute
		
	// print uptime in HH:MM:SS format

	if(hr > 99)
		hr %= 100; // limit hr to 0-99

	// Print class does not support fixed width formatting
	// so insert a zero if number smaller than 10
		
	if(hr < 10)
		outdev.write('0');
	outdev.print((int)hr);
	outdev.write(':');
	if(mins < 10)
		outdev.write('0');
	outdev.print((int)mins);
	outdev.write(':');
	if(sec < 10)
		outdev.write('0');
	outdev.print((int)sec);
}